Author: Habib Hassan Affiliation: Independent Researcher Abstract Discussions about sustainable development, inequality, and economic stability in the Global South now focus on corporate governance and accountability. In the last ten years, the rise of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) agendas, as well as the rapid financialisation and digitalisation of the world, have put new demands on businesses in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. However, corpor

Author:  Nadia Karim Affiliation:  Independent Researcher Abstract The informal economy has long been an essential yet contested component of global development. While early development theories predicted that informal work would shrink as countries modernised, recent empirical evidence shows the opposite trend: informal employment remains widespread, dynamic, and deeply woven into the livelihoods of billions of people. Today, an estimated two billion workers worldwide operat

Author: Layla Omar — Affiliation: Independent Researcher Abstract For more than three decades, globalization was commonly described as a process of deepening economic integration led mainly by advanced Western economies. Trade liberalization, global value chains, and cross-border investment created a world in which production and finance were organized on a truly global scale. In the 2020s, this narrative is being challenged. Geopolitical tensions, trade wars, industrial poli