Author: L. Hassan Affiliation: Independent Researcher Abstract Business law and corporate governance are now two of the most important parts of modern economic systems. They not only determine how companies are run and controlled, but also how power moves around in global markets. In the last five years, new rules, higher standards for openness, and the growth of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) responsibilities have all changed how businesses are watched over.

Author: Habib Hassan Affiliation: Independent Researcher Abstract Discussions about sustainable development, inequality, and economic stability in the Global South now focus on corporate governance and accountability. In the last ten years, the rise of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) agendas, as well as the rapid financialisation and digitalisation of the world, have put new demands on businesses in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. However, corpor

Author: Hassan Ahmed Affiliation: Independent Researcher Abstract Ethical capitalism is one of the most important ideas that is changing the way people talk about economic growth, business ethics, and long-term viability around the world. The idea that capitalism needs to change has gained a lot of support as the world deals with climate change, growing inequality, geopolitical fragmentation, and disagreements over global governance. Ethical capitalism says that businesses th

Author: Alex Rahman — Affiliation: Independent Researcher Abstract Over the past ten years, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) frameworks have quickly changed the way businesses around the world do business. They have gone from being voluntary corporate social responsibility programs to mandatory, standardised, and strategically integrated parts of corporate governance. ESG started as a way to address moral concerns about sustainability and responsible business pract

Author:  Mhmd Ali Affiliation:  Independent Researcher Abstract Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) frameworks have undergone a profound transformation, shifting from voluntary ethical commitments to becoming a core component of global business strategy. Over the last decade, corporations across developed and emerging economies have faced growing pressure from regulators, investors, consumers, and supply-chain partners to embed ESG principles into their governance str

Author: Farah N. Karim Affiliation: Independent Researcher Abstract Ethical marketing has become one of the most influential developments in the global business landscape as consumers increasingly prioritize fairness, transparency, sustainability, and social responsibility in their purchasing decisions. Trust—long considered a cornerstone of effective marketing—has taken on renewed importance due to rising consumer skepticism, digital transparency, and heightened expectations

Author: Sara Khoury Affiliation: Independent Researcher Abstract Global corporate culture has become one of the most visible markers of organizational identity and legitimacy in the twenty-first century. Across industries and continents, multinational enterprises (MNEs) increasingly display convergent cultural scripts emphasizing sustainability, diversity, agility, innovation, transparency, and formalized values. Although this convergence may appear natural, it is the outcome

Abstract This article examines how institutional isomorphism—coercive, mimetic, and normative pressures—shapes the rapid diffusion of corporate governance models across diverse national contexts. By integrating institutional isomorphism with Bourdieu’s theory of fields and capital and insights from world-systems analysis, the study offers a multi-level framework to explain why firms and regulators around the world increasingly resemble one another in governance form while oft