Japan’s reform of its defence export rules is an important case for students of #industrial_policy, #security_governance, international political economy, and technology studies. For many years, Japan limited the export of defence equipment because of its post-war pacifist identity and its careful approach to military policy. However, changes in the regional security environment, the growth of advanced defence technologies, and the need to protect national industrial capacity

This article examines the departure of the United Arab Emirates from OPEC and OPEC+ as an important case in #Energy_Sovereignty, #Market_Governance, and international political economy. The topic is not only about oil production. It is also about how a state defines its national priorities, manages its position in global markets, and negotiates between collective discipline and independent strategy. For many years, OPEC and later OPEC+ helped oil-producing states coordinate s