Abstract This article explains #open_innovation theory in plain language for students while keeping the structure of a scholarly journal article. #open_innovation is the idea that organizations no longer rely only on their own laboratories and staff to create new products. Instead, they combine ideas from inside the firm with ideas from customers, universities, suppliers, start-ups, and even competitors. The paper begins with the management roots of the concept, then asks a h

Abstract This article explains #Dynamic_Capabilities_Theory in plain language for students, while keeping the structure of a scholarly review paper. The theory tries to answer a simple but hard question: why do some firms keep winning when the world around them changes, while others fall behind? The short answer is that strong firms own more than good products and good machines. They own the ability to #sense what is coming, to #seize the right opportunities, and to #reconfig