Author: O. El-Masri Affiliation: Independent Researcher Abstract In the last ten years, Operations and Supply Chain Management (OSCM) has changed more than ever before. Global disruptions like geopolitical tensions, pandemics, energy crises, labour shortages, extreme weather events, and digitalisation have made businesses rethink how they plan, coordinate, and run production networks. Recent research (2020–2025) shows that resilience, sustainability, visibility, and digita

Author: L. Ahmed – Affiliation: Independent Researcher Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic was one of the most disruptive events in modern economic history. It showed how weak supply chain structures were that had been built mostly for efficiency instead of strength. "Resilience" has been a top strategic goal for all industries since 2020. This has made companies, governments, and international organisations rethink how to design, manage, and protect supply chains. This article of

Author:  Lina Ahmed Affiliation:  Independent Researcher Abstract Organisations today are dealing with more operational instability than ever before. This is because of geopolitical disruptions, technological advances, changing consumer expectations, and environmental pressures. These problems have made the long-standing conflict between lean operations, which focus on efficiency and cutting down on waste, and agile operations, which focus on speed, flexibility, and quick res

The COVID-19 pandemic was not only a global health crisis; it was a stress test for risk management systems in organizations, governments, and communities around the world. Many traditional approaches focused on isolated risks, linear planning, and static assumptions. The pandemic exposed how inadequate such models can be when facing systemic, cascading, and long-lasting disruptions. In the post-pandemic world, risk management is no longer an optional support function; it has