Author: L. Ahmed – Affiliation: Independent Researcher Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic was one of the most disruptive events in modern economic history. It showed how weak supply chain structures were that had been built mostly for efficiency instead of strength. "Resilience" has been a top strategic goal for all industries since 2020. This has made companies, governments, and international organisations rethink how to design, manage, and protect supply chains. This article of

Author: Samira Khan Affiliation: Independent Researcher Abstract In today's world economy, global supply chains are one of the most important political structures. They used to be seen mostly as ways for companies to work together to be more efficient, but now they are part of geopolitical tensions, national security debates, and industrial policy strategies. The COVID-19 pandemic, semiconductor shortages, rising geopolitical competition, and the faster shift to low-carbon te

Author:   Lina M. Farouk Affiliation:  Independent Researcher Abstract Digital twins—virtual representations of physical assets, processes, or systems continuously updated with real-time data—have quickly become central to the global movement toward smart operations. Their adoption has accelerated across manufacturing, logistics, infrastructure, energy systems, aviation, healthcare, and urban planning. The convergence of Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI),

Author:  Dr. Karim Al Mansour Affiliation:  Independent Researcher Abstract Global markets have entered an extended period of uncertainty shaped by geopolitical tensions, inflationary pressures, rapid monetary tightening, climate-related shocks, and technological disruptions. Corporate valuation—already a complex methodological exercise—has become far more difficult as firms operate in a world where risk, volatility, and structural inequalities shape the distribution of finan

Abstract Trust is one of the most fundamental conditions for the functioning of global capitalism. Financial markets, digital transactions, savings systems, and investment flows all depend on the belief that institutions will act fairly, transparently, and responsibly. In recent years, however, public trust in financial systems has been declining. People increasingly feel that the rules of global capitalism benefit powerful actors while exposing ordinary individuals and perip