This article examines scientific racism as a historical form of #pseudoscience that used the language of research to support unequal social systems. Scientific racism claimed that human beings could be divided into fixed racial groups with natural differences in intelligence, morality, civilization, and social value. These claims were not based on reliable science. They were built through selective evidence, weak measurement, cultural bias, and political interest. The article

The rise of generative artificial intelligence has changed academic writing faster than many universities were prepared for. Thesis evaluation, once centered mainly on originality, citation practice, and human authorship, now faces a more complex reality. A text may appear highly polished but may contain hidden AI assistance. A thesis may have a low similarity score yet still show weak originality. Another may have a moderate similarity score because of correct quotations, di

Author: Aibek Karimov Affiliation: Independent Researcher, Central Asia Abstract The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) in...