Abstract Digital disruption is no longer an episodic shock; it is a continuous, cumulative process that rewires the economics, coordination, and cultural logic of industries. This article examines how traditional business models are being reinvented under conditions of rapid technological change. The discussion integrates three complementary theoretical lenses—Bourdieu’s theory of capital and fields, world-systems analysis, and institutional isomorphism—to explain why some or

Author:  Aziz Khan Affiliation:  Independent Researcher Abstract Organizations are moving from rigid hierarchies to fluid networks as digital technologies rewire value creation, coordination, and control. This article explains why and how this shift is happening, and what it means for management practice. Using plain, human-readable language but with academic rigor, the study draws on classic and contemporary organization theory and mobilizes three sociological frameworks—Bou