Author: Sara El-Hassan Affiliation: Independent Researcher Abstract In recent years, rising global regulatory expectations, public scrutiny, and stakeholder activism have changed compliance from a technical task to a key part of an organization's culture. More and more, research shows that companies with strong ethical cultures and strong compliance practices have fewer legal problems, more trust from employees, and better long-term performance. As global markets become more

Author: Habib Hassan Affiliation: Independent Researcher Abstract Discussions about sustainable development, inequality, and economic stability in the Global South now focus on corporate governance and accountability. In the last ten years, the rise of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) agendas, as well as the rapid financialisation and digitalisation of the world, have put new demands on businesses in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. However, corpor

Author: Nadia El-Khatib Affiliation: Independent Researcher Abstract The regulation of international business has become one of the defining challenges of the twenty-first-century global economy. As multinational enterprises expand across jurisdictions, they encounter multiple systems of rules, soft-law standards, and governance expectations that shape how they produce, trade, innovate, and compete. Contrary to the view that regulation is purely technical or neutral, this art