World-systems theory is one of the most influential approaches for understanding why some countries become wealthy and powerful while others remain economically dependent, politically weak, or structurally disadvantaged. Developed mainly by Immanuel Wallerstein, the theory argues that global inequality cannot be explained only by looking at individual countries, their cultures, governments, or local policies. Instead, it must be understood through the historical development o

The Game of Chicken is one of the most useful models in #game_theory for understanding conflict, bargaining, and decision-making under pressure. It describes a situation in which two actors move toward a dangerous outcome, while each hopes the other will give way first. If one actor yields and the other remains firm, the firm actor appears stronger. If both yield, conflict is avoided but neither side fully dominates. If both refuse to adjust, the result may be costly or even