#Dependency_Theory is one of the most important theories for students who want to understand why global inequality continues even after many countries gained political independence. The theory argues that poorer countries may remain economically dependent because the world economy is organized in unequal ways. Instead of seeing poverty only as a result of weak institutions, poor leadership, low savings, or lack of modernization, dependency theory asks students to look at the

This article studies BYD as a case of #innovation, #vertical_integration, and #industrial_strategy in the global electric vehicle industry. BYD began as a battery producer and later became one of the world’s most important makers of #new_energy_vehicles. Its development is not only a business success story. It is also a useful academic case for students of strategy, technology management, international business, and industrial policy. The central argument of this article is t

This article examines the strategic paradox of leadership through the case of BYD and its founder, Wang Chuanfu. The central question is simple but important for #business_education: must a founder personally use a product in the ordinary consumer sense in order to understand, lead, and transform an industry? The article argues that personal lifestyle identity is not the same as strategic competence. A founder may not represent the typical consumer, may not use the product in

Made in China 2025 is one of the most discussed examples of modern #industrial_policy. It was introduced as a long-term plan to move China from large-scale manufacturing toward higher-value #strategic_manufacturing, advanced technology, and stronger domestic innovation. Academically, the policy can be studied as a case of state-guided development, national innovation planning, and participation in #global_value_chains. It shows how a government can identify important sectors,

The historical development of international business shows how economic activity moved from simple exchange between neighboring communities to complex systems of #Cross_Border_Trade, multinational production, global finance, and digital markets. This article explains that international business did not appear suddenly. It developed slowly through trade routes, colonial expansion, industrial production, transport revolutions, legal institutions, financial systems, and technolo