#Dependency_Theory is one of the most important theories for students who want to understand why global inequality continues even after many countries gained political independence. The theory argues that poorer countries may remain economically dependent because the world economy is organized in unequal ways. Instead of seeing poverty only as a result of weak institutions, poor leadership, low savings, or lack of modernization, dependency theory asks students to look at the

World-systems theory is one of the most influential approaches for understanding why some countries become wealthy and powerful while others remain economically dependent, politically weak, or structurally disadvantaged. Developed mainly by Immanuel Wallerstein, the theory argues that global inequality cannot be explained only by looking at individual countries, their cultures, governments, or local policies. Instead, it must be understood through the historical development o

The Red Line Agreement of 1928 is one of the most important historical cases for understanding the relationship between #corporate_power, #energy_geopolitics, and the political economy of natural resources. The agreement was connected to the former Ottoman territories of the Middle East and to the struggle among major oil companies to control access to petroleum after the First World War. Although the agreement was a private corporate arrangement, its effects went far beyond