Author:  Lina Ahmed Affiliation:  Independent Researcher Abstract Organisations today are dealing with more operational instability than ever before. This is because of geopolitical disruptions, technological advances, changing consumer expectations, and environmental pressures. These problems have made the long-standing conflict between lean operations, which focus on efficiency and cutting down on waste, and agile operations, which focus on speed, flexibility, and quick res

Author:  Elias Marwan Affiliation:  Independent Researcher Abstract Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has transitioned from a voluntary philanthropic act to a fundamental component of modern business strategy. Mainstream research focusses on CSR's effects on ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder engagement, but the deeper sociological roles of CSR are still not well understood. This article contends that CSR serves not only as a moral obligation but also as a means of c

Author: Mhmd Diab Affiliation: Independent Researcher Abstract Blockchain is commonly portrayed as a revolutionary digital technology that automates trust and renders processes transparent. Yet the dominant narrative often reduces blockchain to its technical features and neglects its institutional significance. This article reframes blockchain as a multidimensional institutional innovation  that restructures how transparency, trust, and authority are produced and contested wi