Author:  M. Alston Affiliation:  Independent Researcher Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI)—especially large language models (LLMs) and automated text, image, and data tools—is rapidly changing how research is produced, evaluated, and published. This article examines AI’s growing role across the academic research lifecycle and peer review systems, focusing on opportunities (speed, access, error detection) and risks (bias amplification, new forms of misconduct, opacity, and

Author: Lina Morales Affiliation: Independent Researcher Abstract The rise of open innovation has completely changed the way businesses create, share, and sell knowledge. Companies, universities, and people in the public sector are using more and more collaborative networks, crowdsourcing, university–industry partnerships, and digital knowledge platforms instead of just relying on their own skills. These new models go against old ideas about intellectual property (IP), which