This article studies BYD as a case of #innovation, #vertical_integration, and #industrial_strategy in the global electric vehicle industry. BYD began as a battery producer and later became one of the world’s most important makers of #new_energy_vehicles. Its development is not only a business success story. It is also a useful academic case for students of strategy, technology management, international business, and industrial policy. The central argument of this article is t

#Research_spending is one of the clearest signs of how seriously a country treats #science, #innovation, and #higher_education. China’s rapid growth in research and development investment shows a long-term national effort to move from basic production toward stronger #knowledge_production, advanced technology, and global scientific influence. In 2024, China reported national research and experimental development expenditure of 3,632.68 billion yuan, an increase of 8.9 percent