Author:  L Kareem Affiliation:  Independent Researcher Abstract Family businesses are very important for jobs, new ideas, and the stability of the local community, but their biggest weakness is still succession. Previous research has focused on governance structures, successor competencies, and financial planning; however, insufficient emphasis has been placed on the preservation of social capital as the "invisible infrastructure" that ensures continuity across generations. T

Author: Lina Marković — Affiliation: Independent Researcher Abstract Macroeconomic cycles—alternating phases of expansion, slowdown, recession, and recovery—shape the environment in which firms operate. Managers cannot control interest rates, inflation, or aggregate demand, but they can design strategies that anticipate, absorb, and even leverage these cyclical changes. This article examines how firms adapt their strategies across macroeconomic cycles by combining insights fr